Èñòîðèÿ èäåé

Ñòð. «99—115»

Àëåêñåé Æàâîðîíêîâ

Çíàíèå è ñîöèàëüíûé ñòàòóñ ëè÷íîñòè ó Ãîìåðà è Ãåñèîäà

Àííîòàöèÿ. Ñòàòüÿ ñòàâèò ñâîåé öåëüþ ïðîàíàëèçèðîâàòü ñîöèàëüíûå ôàêòîðû â ñâÿçè ñ òåìîé çíàíèÿ ó Ãîìåðà è Ãåñèîäà. Àâòîð ñòðåìèòñÿ ïðîäåìîíñòðèðîâàòü ñóùåñòâåííûå îòëè÷èÿ ñîöèàëüíîé êàðòèíû ó äâóõ àâòîðîâ. Òàê, â «Èëèàäå» è «Îäèññåå» îñíîâíûì çíàíèåì îáëàäàþò ãåðîè, à íàèáîëåå âûñîêàÿ ñîöèàëüíàÿ ïîçèöèÿ ïðåäïîëàãàåò íàèâûñøóþ ñòåïåíü êîìïåòåíòíîñòè è íàèáîëüøåå êîëè÷åñòâî çíàíèÿ. Ó Ãåñèîäà ãîìåðîâñêàÿ ñõåìà ñòàâèòñÿ ñ íîã íà ãîëîâó: ïðîñòûå ëþäè íå îáÿçàíû ëþáîé öåíîé ïîääåðæèâàòü èçáðàííûõ, à èçáðàííûå, â ñâîþ î÷åðåäü, äîëæíû çàáîòèòüñÿ î ïðîñòûõ ëþäÿõ. Öåíòðàëüíîå ìåñòî â ñòàòüå îòâåäåíî ðîëè îáúåêòèâíûõ (ñîöèàëüíûé ñòàòóñ ïåðñîíàæà) è ñóáúåêòèâíûõ ôàêòîðîâ (îòíîøåíèå ê ñîäåðæàíèþ è/èëè ôîðìå ñîîáùåíèÿ) ïðè âîñïðèÿòèè çíàíèÿ åãî àäðåñàòîì.

Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: Ãîìåð, Ãåñèîä, ñîöèàëüíàÿ èåðàðõèÿ, çíàíèå, ñòàòóñ.

Knowledge and social status of personality in works of Homer and Hesiod

Abstract. The main point of this article is to research the social factors in connection with the problem of knowledge in Homer and Hesiod. The author seeks to demonstrate some essential differences between Homer’s and Hesiod’s social picture. In “Iliad” and “Odyssey” it is the hero who has the main knowledge; the higher the social position someone holds is, the more competence and knowledge he possesses. Hesiod changes the Homeric scheme in a radical way: the common people should not support the chosen ones at any cost; on the contrary, the chosen ones should look after common people. The central focus of the article is on the role of the objective (social status) as well as of the subjective factors (attitude towards the content and/or towards the form of the message) in the perception of knowledge by its recipient.

Keywords: Homer, Hesiod, social hierarchy, knowledge, status.

×èòàòü ïîëíûé òåêñò ñòàòüè